// try to use StringBuffer instead of string concatenation to improve performance

function StringBuffer() {
  this.strings = []
  for (var idx = 0; idx < arguments.length; idx++)
    this.nextPutAll(arguments[idx])
}
StringBuffer.prototype.nextPutAll = function(s) { this.strings.push(s) }
StringBuffer.prototype.contents   = function()  { return this.strings.join("") }
String.prototype.writeStream      = function() { return new StringBuffer(this) }

// make Arrays print themselves sensibly

printOn = function(x, ws) {
  if (x === undefined || x === null)
    ws.nextPutAll("" + x)
  else if (x.constructor === Array) {
    ws.nextPutAll("[")
    for (var idx = 0; idx < x.length; idx++) {
      if (idx > 0)
        ws.nextPutAll(", ")
      printOn(x[idx], ws)
    }
    ws.nextPutAll("]")
  }
  else
    ws.nextPutAll(x.toString())
}

Array.prototype.toString = function() { var ws = "".writeStream(); printOn(this, ws); return ws.contents() }

// delegation

objectThatDelegatesTo = function(x, props) {
  var f = function() { }
  f.prototype = x
  var r = new f()
  for (var p in props)
    if (props.hasOwnProperty(p))
      r[p] = props[p]
  return r
}

// some reflective stuff

ownPropertyNames = function(x) {
  var r = []
  for (var name in x)
    if (x.hasOwnProperty(name))
      r.push(name)
  return r
}

isImmutable = function(x) {
   return x === null || x === undefined || typeof x === "boolean" || typeof x === "number" || typeof x === "string"
}

String.prototype.digitValue  = function() { return this.charCodeAt(0) - "0".charCodeAt(0) }

isSequenceable = function(x) { return typeof x == "string" || x.constructor === Array }

// some functional programming stuff

Array.prototype.map = function(f) {
  var r = []
  for (var idx = 0; idx < this.length; idx++)
    r[idx] = f(this[idx])
  return r
}

Array.prototype.reduce = function(f, z) {
  var r = z
  for (var idx = 0; idx < this.length; idx++)
    r = f(r, this[idx])
  return r
}

Array.prototype.delimWith = function(d) {
  return this.reduce(
    function(xs, x) {
      if (xs.length > 0)
        xs.push(d)
      xs.push(x)
      return xs
    },
   [])
}

// Squeak's ReadStream, kind of

function ReadStream(anArrayOrString) {
  this.src = anArrayOrString
  this.pos = 0
}
ReadStream.prototype.atEnd = function() { return this.pos >= this.src.length }
ReadStream.prototype.next  = function() { return this.src.at(this.pos++) }

// escape characters

String.prototype.pad = function(s, len) {
  var r = this
  while (r.length < len)
    r = s + r
  return r
}

escapeStringFor = new Object()
for (var c = 0; c < 128; c++)
  escapeStringFor[c] = String.fromCharCode(c)
escapeStringFor["'".charCodeAt(0)]  = "\\'"
escapeStringFor['"'.charCodeAt(0)]  = '\\"'
escapeStringFor["\\".charCodeAt(0)] = "\\\\"
escapeStringFor["\b".charCodeAt(0)] = "\\b"
escapeStringFor["\f".charCodeAt(0)] = "\\f"
escapeStringFor["\n".charCodeAt(0)] = "\\n"
escapeStringFor["\r".charCodeAt(0)] = "\\r"
escapeStringFor["\t".charCodeAt(0)] = "\\t"
escapeStringFor["\v".charCodeAt(0)] = "\\v"
escapeChar = function(c) {
  var charCode = c.charCodeAt(0)
  if (charCode < 128)
    return escapeStringFor[charCode]
  else if (128 <= charCode && charCode < 256)
    return "\\x" + charCode.toString(16).pad("0", 2)
  else
    return "\\u" + charCode.toString(16).pad("0", 4)
}

function unescape(s) {
  if (s.charAt(0) == '\\')
    switch (s.charAt(1)) {
      case "'":  return "'"
      case '"':  return '"'
      case '\\': return '\\'
      case 'b':  return '\b'
      case 'f':  return '\f'
      case 'n':  return '\n'
      case 'r':  return '\r'
      case 't':  return '\t'
      case 'v':  return '\v'
      case 'x':  return String.fromCharCode(parseInt(s.substring(2, 4), 16))
      case 'u':  return String.fromCharCode(parseInt(s.substring(2, 6), 16))
      default:   return s.charAt(1)
    }
  else
    return s
}

String.prototype.toProgramString = function() {
  var ws = '"'.writeStream()
  for (var idx = 0; idx < this.length; idx++)
    ws.nextPutAll(escapeChar(this.charAt(idx)))
  ws.nextPutAll('"')
  return ws.contents()
}

// C-style tempnam function

function tempnam(s) { return (s ? s : "_tmpnam_") + tempnam.n++ }
tempnam.n = 0

// unique tags for objects (useful for making "hash tables")

getTag = (function() {
  var numIdx = 0
  return function(x) {
    if (x === null || x === undefined)
      return x
    switch (typeof x) {
      case "boolean": return x == true ? "Btrue" : "Bfalse"
      case "string":  return "S" + x
      case "number":  return "N" + x
      default:        return x.hasOwnProperty("_id_") ? x._id_ : x._id_ = "R" + numIdx++
    }
  }
})()